2 Physical activity as a risk or protective factor | 29 Model 1 of the unadjusted GEE analyses in Table 2.3 shows no association between physical activity and fall-related fractures. Model 2 shows an increased risk of fall-related fractures in frail compared to non-frail older adults with an adjusted odds ratio of 2.10 (95% CI: 1.18 - 3.75). The association between frailty and fractures is not significant without the interaction term in the model (data not shown). In model 3, no interaction between physical activity and frailty has been found, thus frailty appeared not to be an effect modifier in the association between physical activity and fractures. Adjustment for age and sex in model 4 had negligible impact on the association between fractures, physical activity, frailty and the interaction term (Model 3 versus Model 4, Table 2.3).
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