13 General Introduction 1 condition or complaint. For instance, the widely used EQ-5D includes questions about mobility, self-care, daily activities, pain, and mood, but it does not include any questions related to hearing ability. To measure severity of complaints related to a particular condition, diseasespecific-questionnaires for specific ear diseases were developed. Examples are the chronic otitis media questionnaire (COMQ-12)11, the Eustachian Tube Dysfunction Questionnaire (ETDQ-7)12 or the Nijmegen Cochlear Implant Questionnaire13. These disease-specific PROMs are used to assess complaints, burden, or impact in patients with that certain disease. PROMs can also be complaint-specific questionnaires, like the Tinnitus Handicap Index (THI).14 A complaint specific PROM focusses on one complaint and not a spectrum of complaints in a disease. A complaint specific PROM is often more sensitive to changes and shorter, focusing only the one most prominent patient’s complaint related to that disease. When following a patient over time, with or without treatment the focus of complaints can shift. When a complaint is part of a disease, new complaints can Figure 1: applicability versus specificity of different PROM types in otology COMQ-12: Chronic Otitis Media Questionnaire; EDTQ-7: Eustachian Tube Dysfunction Questionnaire; ZCMEI-21: Zurich Chronic Middle Ear Inventory; COMOT-15: Chronic Otitis Media Outcome Test; PAN-QOL: Penn Acoustic Neuroma Quality-of-Life Scale; CES: Chronic Ear Survey; MD-POSI: Meniere’s Disease PatientOriented Severity Index; VSQOL Index; Vestibular Schwannoma Quality Of Life Index; DHI: Dizziness Handicap Inventory; THI: Tinnitus Handicap Inventory ; AIADH: Amsterdam Inventory for Auditory Disability and Handicap; OQUA: Otology Questionnaire Amsterdam; COQOL: Cambridge Otology Quality of Life; EOS-16: Ear Outcome Survey; PROMIS-10: Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System; HUI3: Health Utilities Index; SF-36: Short Form Health Survey; EQ-5D: the EuroQol 5 Dimm; WHO-5: The World Health Organisation - Five Well-Being Index.
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